3DMedical

3D Patient Education & Exercise Videos for Safer Recovery

Custom-branded content delivered in 70+ languages

Keith Krugh

Keith Krugh MS

Exercise Science and Health Promotion
Web & Mobile App Development
3D Animation

Reducing Complications & Re-hospitalizations

"1 in 5 Medicare patients re-admitted within 30 days, costing $17B annually."

Sample Total Knee Replacement Program

Mastering Orthopedic Brace Use at Home

"Brace misuse has led to an 18% increase in 30-day re-hospitalizations."

Simplifying complex information with Anatomy visuals

Featured App • The Knee App by Motion

Applying movement science principles, The Knee App addresses muscle imbalances that contribute to pain in specific areas of the knee. Each program features 3D Medical’s animations to guide users through foam rolling, stretching, and strengthening. Now downloaded in over 80 countries and completely free to use — tap the icon to learn more.

1. Grubhofer, F., Gerber, C., Meyer, D. C., Wieser, K., Ernstbrunner, L., Catanzaro, S., & Bouaicha, S. (2019).
Compliance with wearing an abduction brace after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: A prospective, sensor-controlled study. Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 43(4), 440–446.
PubMed
- Summary: Using temperature-sensitive sensors to objectively measure brace wear, only 48% of patients wore their abduction brace at least 80% of the recommended time after rotator cuff repair. Self-reported compliance (96%) was significantly higher than sensor-measured compliance (75%), demonstrating that patients dramatically overestimate their own adherence.
- Relevance: When patients don't follow post-operative brace protocols — often without realizing it — recovery is compromised. Visual education through 3D animation can reinforce the importance and correct use of braces, addressing the comprehension gap that drives non-adherence.
2. Grubhofer, F., Ernstbrunner, L., Gerber, C., Hochreiter, B., Schwihla, I., Wieser, K., & Bouaicha, S. (2022).
Effect of abduction brace wearing compliance on the results of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. JB JS Open Access, 7(2), e21.00148.
PubMed
- Summary: In a follow-up study using objective sensor data, patients with high brace compliance (≥80% wear time) had significantly better tendon-healing rates than low-compliance patients after rotator cuff repair. This is the first study to link objectively measured brace adherence to clinical outcomes.
- Relevance: This study proves that adherence directly affects healing. Clear, visual patient education — like 3D animated brace instructions — can help close the gap between prescribed and actual brace use.
3. Silverio, L. M., & Cheung, E. V. (2014).
Patient adherence with postoperative restrictions after rotator cuff repair. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 23(4), 508–513.
PubMed
- Summary: Fifty patients were instructed to wear an abduction brace for 6 weeks after rotator cuff repair. While average self-reported adherence was 88%, no significant correlation was found between adherence and functional outcomes — likely because self-reporting is unreliable, as later sensor studies confirmed.
- Relevance: Self-reported adherence masks real non-compliance. Providing patients with clear visual references — such as 3D animated demonstrations of correct brace positioning — can improve actual compliance rather than perceived compliance.
4. Makaryus, A. N., & Friedman, E. A. (2005).
Patients' understanding of their treatment plans and diagnosis at discharge. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 80(8), 991–994.
PubMed
- Summary: Only 41.9% of patients understood their diagnosis at discharge, and only 27.9% could name their medications. This landmark study demonstrated widespread comprehension deficits in discharged patients at a municipal teaching hospital.
- Relevance: Patients leave the hospital without understanding basic care instructions. 3D visual education delivered before and after discharge can bridge this dangerous comprehension gap.
5. Dekkers, T., Melles, M., Groeneveld, B. S., & de Ridder, H. (2018).
Web-based patient education in orthopedics: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), e143.
PubMed
- Summary: This systematic review of 10 trials involving 4,172 patients found that web-based education improved patient knowledge and satisfaction. However, no compelling evidence was found for effects on anxiety, health attitudes, or clinical outcomes.
- Relevance: Digital education demonstrably increases patient knowledge and satisfaction. Adding 3D animation takes this further by making complex instructions more engaging and memorable than static web-based content.
6. Zhang, Z. Y., Tian, L., He, K., Xu, L., Wang, X. Q., & Huang, L. (2022).
Digital rehabilitation programs improve therapeutic exercise adherence for patients with musculoskeletal conditions: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(11), 726–739.
JOSPT
- Summary: This meta-analysis of 11 RCTs found that digital rehabilitation programs significantly improved therapeutic exercise adherence compared to non-digital approaches in patients with musculoskeletal conditions, with effects observed across short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up periods.
- Relevance: Digital tools — including visual platforms like 3D Medical — are proven to improve exercise adherence. This supports the use of technology-enabled education as a scalable, effective supplement to in-person rehabilitation.
7. Bernatz, J. T., Tueting, J. L., & Anderson, P. A. (2015).
Thirty-day readmission rates in orthopedics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0123593.
PubMed
- Summary: This meta-analysis of 24 studies found that the overall 30-day readmission rate across orthopedic surgery was 5.4% (95% CI: 4.8–6.0%). Surgical site complications accounted for 46% of readmissions. Medicare populations had higher readmission rates.
- Relevance: With readmission rates between 4.8% and 6.0% in orthopedics, even modest improvements in patient education and protocol adherence can meaningfully reduce costly readmissions.
8. Wilson, E. A. H., Park, D. C., Curtis, L. M., Cameron, K. A., Clayman, M. L., Makoul, G., vom Eigen, K., & Wolf, M. S. (2010).
Media and memory: The efficacy of video and print materials for promoting patient education about asthma. Patient Education and Counseling, 80(3), 393–398.
PubMed
- Summary: Both video and print interventions significantly improved patient knowledge compared to no education. For procedural content (inhaler technique), video produced better immediate recall than print. Patients who received and reviewed take-home print materials showed improved delayed retention.
- Relevance: Visual and multimedia learning formats improve patient knowledge retention across clinical contexts. 3D animation combines the immediacy of video with the repeatability of take-home materials, addressing both immediate and long-term comprehension.
9. Seymour, N. E., Gallagher, A. G., Roman, S. A., O'Brien, M. K., Bansal, V. K., Andersen, D. K., & Satava, R. M. (2002).
Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: Results of a randomized, double-blinded study. Annals of Surgery, 236(4), 458–464.
PubMed
- Summary: In this landmark randomized, double-blinded study, surgical residents who received VR training made significantly fewer errors and performed more efficiently during laparoscopic cholecystectomy than traditionally trained controls. This was the first prospective, randomized, blinded study to demonstrate that VR-acquired skills transfer directly to real operating room performance.
- Relevance: 3D visual learning environments demonstrably improve procedural understanding and performance. The same principles apply to patient education — visual, interactive content improves comprehension and adherence.
10. Jencks, S. F., Williams, M. V., & Coleman, E. A. (2009).
Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(14), 1418–1428.
PubMed
- Summary: This landmark study found that 19.6% of Medicare beneficiaries were rehospitalized within 30 days of discharge, costing Medicare approximately $17.4 billion annually. The authors estimated that many readmissions were potentially preventable with better transitional care and patient education.
- Relevance: With nearly 1 in 5 Medicare patients readmitted within a month, better post-operative education — delivered through engaging 3D visual content — can address the communication failures that drive preventable readmissions.
11. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023).
Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP). CMS.gov.
CMS.gov
- Summary: HRRP reduces payments to hospitals with excess readmissions for certain conditions including hip and knee replacements. The program has driven hospitals to invest in improved patient education and discharge planning.
- Relevance: Financial penalties for readmissions create strong institutional incentives to adopt better patient education tools like 3D animated content, positioning platforms like 3D Medical as both a clinical and financial solution for health systems.
12. Auerbach, A. D., Kripalani, S., Vasilevskis, E. E., et al. (2016).
Preventability and causes of readmissions in a national cohort of general medicine patients. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(4), 484–493.
PubMed
- Summary: 27% of 30-day readmissions were deemed potentially preventable, with inadequate discharge instructions and poor follow-up being major contributors.
- Relevance: Over a quarter of readmissions could be prevented with better communication. Visual post-discharge instructions via 3D animation empower patients to manage their recovery at home.
13. Schairer, W. W., Vail, T. P., & Bozic, K. J. (2014).
What are the rates and causes of hospital readmission after total knee arthroplasty? Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 472(1), 181–187.
PubMed
- Summary: This study of over 1.4 million TKA patients found a 30-day readmission rate of 4.6%, with surgical site infections, medical complications, and mechanical issues being the most common causes. Post-discharge care coordination was identified as a key area for improvement.
- Relevance: Targeted patient education about wound care, activity restrictions, and warning signs — delivered through clear 3D visual content — can address the specific knowledge gaps that lead to post-TKA readmissions.
14. Weiss, A. J., & Elixhauser, A. (2014).
Overview of hospital stays in the United States, 2012. HCUP Statistical Brief #180. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
PubMed
- Summary: This federal report documented that hospital readmissions remain a significant cost driver in the U.S. healthcare system, with orthopedic procedures among the most common categories of admission and readmission.
- Relevance: The scale of the readmission problem underscores the need for effective, scalable patient education solutions that can reduce post-surgical complications and return visits.
15. Moyer, R., Ikert, K., Long, K., & Marsh, J. (2017).
The value of preoperative exercise and education for patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JBJS Reviews, 5(12), e2.
PubMed
- Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that preoperative education significantly reduced preoperative anxiety and improved early post-operative outcomes for hip and knee arthroplasty patients, including reduced length of stay.
- Relevance: Preoperative education — especially when delivered through engaging formats like 3D animation — sets patients up for better outcomes by clarifying expectations and recovery protocols before surgery.
16. Lambert, T. E., Harvey, L. A., Avdalis, C., et al. (2017).
An app with remote support achieves better adherence to home exercise programs than paper handouts in people with musculoskeletal conditions: A randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 63(3), 161–167.
PubMed
- Summary: Patients using a mobile app with remote clinician support achieved significantly better adherence to home exercise programs than those given paper handouts, with the app group completing 78% of prescribed exercises versus 62% for paper.
- Relevance: Digital delivery of rehabilitation content meaningfully improves adherence. 3D animated exercises go further than static app content by providing clear visual demonstrations that reduce confusion and errors.
17. Krumholz, H. M. (2013).
Post-hospital syndrome — An acquired, transient condition of generalized risk. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(2), 100–102.
Full Text (PMC)
- Summary: Patients are especially vulnerable after discharge due to stress, sleep deprivation, and deconditioning — a state the author terms "post-hospital syndrome" — which increases risk for readmission regardless of the original diagnosis.
- Relevance: During this vulnerable post-discharge period, clear and accessible 3D visual education can reinforce critical self-care instructions when patients are most at risk of confusion and non-adherence.